25TH SHANGHAI COOPERATION ORGANISATION (SCO) SUMMIT
Why in News?
The Prime Minister of India attended the 25th Meeting of the SCO Council of Heads of State in Tianjin, China from 31 August to 1 September 2025.
Key Outcomes of 2025 SCO Summit:
- Membership & Partnerships: Laos was admitted as a partner country, raising SCO’s strength to 27 (10 members, including India, and 17 partners).
- Counter-Terrorism: The Tianjin Declaration strongly condemned terrorism, including the Pahalgam attack, urged an end to cross-border movement of terrorists, and rejected the use of extremist groups for mercenary purposes.
- China’s Initiatives to Expand SCO Influence:SCO members can now use China’s BeiDou satellite system (GPS alternative); China pledged $1.4B in loans over three years and proposed creating an SCO development bank.
- The SCO Summit 2025 showcased cooperation between China, Russia, and India, with their leaders signaling renewed interest in alternative partnership models on global issues.
- Global Governance: The proposed Global Governance Initiative (GGI) aims to uphold sovereign equality, strengthen multilateralism, and advance a fair global order. It reflects India’s vision of “One Earth, One Family, One Future”.
- Promotion of Cultural and Social Values: The summit endorsed the UNGA resolution opposing the glorification of Nazism, neo-Nazism, racism, and xenophobia.
About Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO):
- Established: in 2001, at the Shanghai Summit by Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyz Republic, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
- Charter signed: in 2002 and came into force on 19th September 2003
- Members: 10 member countries, 2 observer states and 15 dialogue partners (Laos as latest)
Members:
– 2001 (Founding Members): China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
– 2017 (Expansion): India, Pakistan
– 2023: Iran
2024: Belarus - Official Language: Russian and Chinese
- Headquarters: Beijing, China
- Goals:
– Strengthen regional peace, stability, and cooperation
– Combat terrorism, separatism, and extremism
– Foster economic, political, and cultural collaboration
Structure:
– The Council of Heads of States: apex decision-making body
– Council of Heads of Governments: second-highest council
– Two permanent bodies: the Secretariat in Beijing (China) and the Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS) in Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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