RUBELLA

Why in News:

The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially declared Nepal rubella-free.

About Rubella:

• Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious disease caused by the rubella virus  an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. It generally presents with mild fever, rash, and cold-like symptoms.
• It is milderbut poses a serious risk during pregnancy, potentially leading to Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) with birth defects like deafness and heart abnormalities. (CRS can also cause hearing impairment, cataracts, heart defects, and developmental delays, making rubella a leading cause of preventable congenital disabilities globally). 
• In 2022, there were 17,865 reported cases across 78 countries.  
• In 2024, around 14.3 million children did not receive any vaccinations, and only 84% of infants were administered the first dose of the measles vaccine.
• Vaccination: The Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine, given in two doses, is the most reliable method to prevent rubella and its complications by ensuring long-term immunity.

Steps Towards Elimination:

• The National Zero Measles-Rubella Elimination Campaign (2025–26), implemented under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), targets complete elimination of Measles and Rubella in India by 2026 through achieving 100% immunization coverage.
• Mission Indradhanush and Intensified mission Indradhanush
• District-Level Achievements: Between January and March 2025, a total of 332 districts were declared measles-free, while 487 districts achieved rubella-free status.
• International Recognition: In 2024, India was honored with the M-R Champion Award by the Measles-Rubella Partnership for its outstanding efforts towards eliminating the diseases.